C# WebApi 接口测试工具：WebApiTestClient应用技术详解

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05 Apr 2026 — 12 min read

三、WebApiTestClient具体使用

一、引言

由于最近项目需要开发WebApi接口，接口开发完了需要自测或提供给第三方进行调试，看了网上的方法，大多都是使用第三方测试工具，如Postman、Fiddler等，但这些虽然功能强大，但使用起来较为繁琐，如Postman还需要注册、下载及安装等，因此就搜索其他的调试方法，如WebApiTestClient和swagger，这些都是轻量级的，可直接集成在项目中使用，很方便，本文主要介绍在WebApi中使用WebApiTestClien接口测试工具的应用。

二、WebApiTestClient介绍

WebApiTestClient是一款专门为调试和测试ASP.NET WebApi设计的工具，可以通过简洁的Web界面发送请求并查看响应。在API开发过程中，它可以帮助开发者更高效地进行调试和验证。

1、特性

简洁的Web界面：无需额外安装复杂的工具，通过Web浏览器即可访问和使用。
易于集成：作为NuGet包，可以方便地集成到现有的ASP.NET WebApi项目中。
灵活的请求配置：可以自定义HTTP方法、请求头、请求体等，便于模拟各种请求场景。
实时查看响应：即时查看API的响应，包括状态码、响应头和响应体，便于调试。

2、应用场景

1）开发阶段的调试

在开发阶段，WebApiTestClient可以用于快速验证API是否按预期工作。通过其简洁的界面，可以轻松构造各种HTTP请求并查看响应，便于发现和修复问题。

2）测试API端点

在测试阶段，QA工程师可以使用WebApiTestClient模拟各种请求，验证API的稳定性和正确性。能够自定义请求参数和请求体，也有助于进行边界测试和异常处理测试。

3）与前端开发的协同

前后端分离的开发模式下，前端开发人员可以使用WebApiTestClient测试后端API的接口，确保数据交互的正确性，减少前后端联调的时间和成本。

4）快速验证和演示

在需求评审或技术交流过程中，开发者可以使用WebApiTestClient进行快速验证和演示，展示API的功能和数据交互过程，提高沟通效率。

三、WebApiTestClient具体使用

1、WebApi项目引入组件

首先，我们需要定义一个API项目

然后通过Nuget引入组件，如下图。记住选下图中的第一个WebApiTestClient进行安装。

引入成功后，将向项目里面添加一些主要文件：

Scripts\WebApiTestClient.js
Areas\HelpPage\TestClient.css
Areas\HelpPage\Views\Help\DisplayTemplates\TestClientDialogs.cshtml
Areas\HelpPage\Views\Help\DisplayTemplates\TestClientReferences.cshtml

2、如何使用组件

1、修改Api.cshtml文件

通过上述步骤，就能将组件WebAPITestClient引入进来。下面我们只需要做一件事：打开文件 (根据 Areas\HelpPage\Views\Help) Api.cshtml 并添加以下内容:

@Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientDialogs")
@Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientReferences")

添加后Api.cshtml文件的代码如下

@using System.Web.Http @using WebApiDemo.Areas.HelpPage.Models @model HelpPageApiModel @{ var description = Model.ApiDescription; ViewBag.Title = description.HttpMethod.Method + " " + description.RelativePath; } <link type="text/css" href="~/Areas/HelpPage/HelpPage.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <div> <section> <div> <p> @Html.ActionLink("Help Page Home", "Index") </p> </div> </section> <section> @Html.DisplayForModel() </section> </div> @Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientDialogs") @section Scripts{ <link href="~/Areas/HelpPage/HelpPage.css" rel="stylesheet" /> @Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientReferences") }

2、配置读取注释的xml路径

其实，通过上面的步骤，我们的项目已经可以跑起来了，也可以调用接口测试。但是，还不能读取 /// <summary> 注释里面的东西。需要做如下配置才行。

（1）配置生成xml的路径。我们在项目上面点右键→属性→生成标签页配置xml的路径

（2）在xml的读取路径：在下图的HelpPageConfig.cs里面配置一句话，指定xml的读取路径。

这句代码如下：

config.SetDocumentationProvider(new XmlDocumentationProvider(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/WebApiDemo.xml")));

HelpPageConfig.cs完整文件入下：

// Uncomment the following to provide samples for PageResult<T>. Must also add the Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.OData // package to your project. ////#define Handle_PageResultOfT using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis; using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http.Headers; using System.Reflection; using System.Web; using System.Web.Http; #if Handle_PageResultOfT using System.Web.Http.OData; #endif namespace WebApiDemo.Areas.HelpPage { /// <summary> /// Use this class to customize the Help Page. /// For example you can set a custom <see cref="System.Web.Http.Description.IDocumentationProvider"/> to supply the documentation /// or you can provide the samples for the requests/responses. /// </summary> public static class HelpPageConfig { [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Globalization", "CA1303:Do not pass literals as localized parameters", MessageId = "WebApiDemo.Areas.HelpPage.TextSample.#ctor(System.String)", Justification = "End users may choose to merge this string with existing localized resources.")] [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA2204:Literals should be spelled correctly", MessageId = "bsonspec", Justification = "Part of a URI.")] public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) { //// Uncomment the following to use the documentation from XML documentation file. //config.SetDocumentationProvider(new XmlDocumentationProvider(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/XmlDocument.xml"))); //// Uncomment the following to use "sample string" as the sample for all actions that have string as the body parameter or return type. //// Also, the string arrays will be used for IEnumerable<string>. The sample objects will be serialized into different media type //// formats by the available formatters. //config.SetSampleObjects(new Dictionary<Type, object> //{ // {typeof(string), "sample string"}, // {typeof(IEnumerable<string>), new string[]{"sample 1", "sample 2"}} //}); // Extend the following to provide factories for types not handled automatically (those lacking parameterless // constructors) or for which you prefer to use non-default property values. Line below provides a fallback // since automatic handling will fail and GeneratePageResult handles only a single type. #if Handle_PageResultOfT config.GetHelpPageSampleGenerator().SampleObjectFactories.Add(GeneratePageResult); #endif // Extend the following to use a preset object directly as the sample for all actions that support a media // type, regardless of the body parameter or return type. The lines below avoid display of binary content. // The BsonMediaTypeFormatter (if available) is not used to serialize the TextSample object. config.SetSampleForMediaType( new TextSample("Binary JSON content. See http://bsonspec.org for details."), new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/bson")); //// Uncomment the following to use "[0]=foo&[1]=bar" directly as the sample for all actions that support form URL encoded format //// and have IEnumerable<string> as the body parameter or return type. //config.SetSampleForType("[0]=foo&[1]=bar", new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"), typeof(IEnumerable<string>)); //// Uncomment the following to use "1234" directly as the request sample for media type "text/plain" on the controller named "Values" //// and action named "Put". //config.SetSampleRequest("1234", new MediaTypeHeaderValue("text/plain"), "Values", "Put"); //// Uncomment the following to use the image on "../images/aspNetHome.png" directly as the response sample for media type "image/png" //// on the controller named "Values" and action named "Get" with parameter "id". //config.SetSampleResponse(new ImageSample("../images/aspNetHome.png"), new MediaTypeHeaderValue("image/png"), "Values", "Get", "id"); //// Uncomment the following to correct the sample request when the action expects an HttpRequestMessage with ObjectContent<string>. //// The sample will be generated as if the controller named "Values" and action named "Get" were having string as the body parameter. //config.SetActualRequestType(typeof(string), "Values", "Get"); //// Uncomment the following to correct the sample response when the action returns an HttpResponseMessage with ObjectContent<string>. //// The sample will be generated as if the controller named "Values" and action named "Post" were returning a string. //config.SetActualResponseType(typeof(string), "Values", "Post"); config.SetDocumentationProvider(new XmlDocumentationProvider(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/WebApiDemo.xml"))); } #if Handle_PageResultOfT private static object GeneratePageResult(HelpPageSampleGenerator sampleGenerator, Type type) { if (type.IsGenericType) { Type openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition(); if (openGenericType == typeof(PageResult<>)) { // Get the T in PageResult<T> Type[] typeParameters = type.GetGenericArguments(); Debug.Assert(typeParameters.Length == 1); // Create an enumeration to pass as the first parameter to the PageResult<T> constuctor Type itemsType = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(typeParameters); object items = sampleGenerator.GetSampleObject(itemsType); // Fill in the other information needed to invoke the PageResult<T> constuctor Type[] parameterTypes = new Type[] { itemsType, typeof(Uri), typeof(long?), }; object[] parameters = new object[] { items, null, (long)ObjectGenerator.DefaultCollectionSize, }; // Call PageResult(IEnumerable<T> items, Uri nextPageLink, long? count) constructor ConstructorInfo constructor = type.GetConstructor(parameterTypes); return constructor.Invoke(parameters); } } return null; } #endif } }

3、测试接口

下面仅为简单接口，仅为项目说明使用

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http; namespace WebApiDemo.Controllers { public class ValuesController : ApiController { // GET api/values public IEnumerable<string> Get() { return new string[] { "value1", "value2" }; } // GET api/values/5 public string Get(int id) { return "value"; } // POST api/values public void Post([FromBody]string value) { } // PUT api/values/5 public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value) { } // DELETE api/values/5 public void Delete(int id) { } } }

到这里组件就搭完了，剩下的就是运行了。如果过我们是是把webAPI部署在IIS或其他服务器上，在浏览器url里面敲地址http://IP地址:端口/Help即可显示WebApiTestClient调试页面；这里我是直接通过Visual Studio 2017调试弹出WebApiTestClient调试页面，如下：

WebApiTestClient调试页面展示：