Spring Boot 3 RestClient 完整教程

Spring Boot 3 RestClient 完整教程 | 极客日志

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!-- 父项目依赖 -->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.7</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example.restclient</groupId>
    <artifactId>restclient-tutorial</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>restclient-tutorial</name>
    <description>Spring Boot 3 RestClient Tutorial</description>
    <!-- 属性配置 -->
    <properties>
        <java.version>25</java.version>
    </properties>
    <!-- 依赖配置 -->
    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Web 依赖，包含 RestClient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JSON 处理 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 读取配置文件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Lombok 简化代码 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 测试依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <annotationProcessorPaths>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
                        </path>
                        <path>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </path>
                    </annotationProcessorPaths>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

package com.example.restclient.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.JdkClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient;

@Configuration
public class RestClientConfig {
    // 配置默认的 RestClient 实例
    @Bean
    public RestClient restClient() {
        // 创建 RestClient 构建器
        return RestClient.builder()
                // 设置默认基础 URL
                .baseUrl("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
                // 设置请求工厂，这里使用 JDK 自带的 HttpClient
                .requestFactory(new JdkClientHttpRequestFactory())
                // 构建 RestClient 实例
                .build();
    }
}

package com.example.restclient;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RestclientTutorialApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RestclientTutorialApplication.class, args);
    }
}

package com.example.restclient.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

// 使用 Lombok 注解简化代码
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String username;
    private String email;
    private Address address;
    private String phone;
    private String website;
    private Company company;
}

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
class Address {
    private String street;
    private String suite;
    private String city;
    private String zipcode;
    private Geo geo;
}

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
class Geo {
    private String lat;
    private String lng;
}

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
class Company {
    private String name;
    private String catchPhrase;
    private String bs;
}

package com.example.restclient.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Post {
    private Long id;
    private Long userId;
    private String title;
    private String body;
}

package com.example.restclient.service;

import com.example.restclient.model.Post;
import com.example.restclient.model.User;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient;
import java.util.List;

@Service
// 构造函数注入所需依赖
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class ApiService {
    // 注入 RestClient 实例
    private final RestClient restClient;

    /**
     * 使用 GET 方法获取单个用户
     */
    public User getUserById(Long id) {
        // 发送 GET 请求并返回 User 对象
        return restClient.get()
                // 指定请求路径
                .uri("/users/{id}", id)
                // 发送请求并将响应体转换为 User 类型
                .retrieve()
                // 处理 HTTP 状态码 404 的情况
                .onStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, (request, response) -> {
                    throw new RuntimeException("User not found with id: " + id);
                })
                // 将响应体转换为 User 对象
                .body(User.class);
    }

    /**
     * 使用 GET 方法获取所有用户
     */
    public List<User> getAllUsers() {
        // 发送 GET 请求并返回用户列表
        return restClient.get().uri("/users").retrieve()
                // 由于返回的是数组，使用参数化类型
                .body(User[].class);
    }

    /**
     * 使用 POST 方法创建新帖子
     */
    public Post createPost(Post post) {
        // 发送 POST 请求创建新资源
        return restClient.post().uri("/posts")
                // 设置请求体
                .body(post)
                .retrieve()
                // 处理 201 Created 状态码
                .onStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED, (request, response) -> {
                    System.out.println("Post created successfully");
                }).body(Post.class);
    }

    /**
     * 使用 PUT 方法更新帖子
     */
    public Post updatePost(Long id, Post post) {
        // 发送 PUT 请求更新资源
        return restClient.put().uri("/posts/{id}", id).body(post).retrieve().body(Post.class);
    }

    /**
     * 使用 DELETE 方法删除帖子
     */
    public void deletePost(Long id) {
        // 发送 DELETE 请求删除资源
        restClient.delete().uri("/posts/{id}", id).retrieve()
                // 检查响应状态码是否为 200 OK
                .toBodilessEntity();
    }
}

package com.example.restclient.service;

import com.example.restclient.model.Post;
import com.example.restclient.model.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

@SpringBootTest
class ApiServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private ApiService apiService;

    @Test
    void shouldGetUserById() {
        // 测试获取单个用户
        User user = apiService.getUserById(1L);
        assertNotNull(user);
        assertEquals(1L, user.getId());
        assertEquals("Leanne Graham", user.getName());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldGetAllUsers() {
        // 测试获取所有用户
        List<User> users = apiService.getAllUsers();
        assertNotNull(users);
        assertFalse(users.isEmpty());
        assertTrue(users.size() > 0);
    }

    @Test
    void shouldCreatePost() {
        // 测试创建帖子
        Post post = new Post(null, 1L, "Test Title", "Test Body");
        Post createdPost = apiService.createPost(post);
        assertNotNull(createdPost);
        assertNotNull(createdPost.getId());
        assertEquals(post.getTitle(), createdPost.getTitle());
        assertEquals(post.getBody(), createdPost.getBody());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldUpdatePost() {
        // 测试更新帖子
        Long postId = 1L;
        Post post = new Post(postId, 1L, "Updated Title", "Updated Body");
        Post updatedPost = apiService.updatePost(postId, post);
        assertNotNull(updatedPost);
        assertEquals(postId, updatedPost.getId());
        assertEquals(post.getTitle(), updatedPost.getTitle());
    }

    @Test
    void shouldDeletePost() {
        // 测试删除帖子
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> apiService.deletePost(1L));
    }
}

/**
 * 演示请求参数和 headers 设置
 */
public List<Post> getPostsByUserId(Long userId) {
    // 设置请求参数和 headers
    return restClient.get()
            // 使用 uri 方法设置查询参数
            .uri(uriBuilder -> uriBuilder
                    .path("/posts")
                    .queryParam("userId", userId)
                    .build())
            // 设置请求头
            .header("Accept", "application/json")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer token123")
            .retrieve()
            .body(Post[].class);
}

package com.example.restclient.interceptor;

import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestExecution;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestInterceptor;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class LoggingInterceptor implements ClientHttpRequestInterceptor {
    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse intercept(HttpRequest request, byte[] body, ClientHttpRequestExecution execution) throws IOException {
        // 记录请求信息
        logRequest(request, body);
        // 执行请求
        ClientHttpResponse response = execution.execute(request, body);
        // 记录响应信息
        logResponse(response);
        return response;
    }

    private void logRequest(HttpRequest request, byte[] body) {
        System.out.println("=== Request ===");
        System.out.println("Method: " + request.getMethod());
        System.out.println("URI: " + request.getURI());
        System.out.println("Headers: " + request.getHeaders());
        System.out.println("Body: " + new String(body, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        System.out.println("===============");
    }

    private void logResponse(ClientHttpResponse response) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("=== Response ===");
        System.out.println("Status code: " + response.getStatusCode());
        System.out.println("Headers: " + response.getHeaders());
        System.out.println("Body: " + StreamUtils.copyToString(response.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        System.out.println("===============");
    }
}

// 配置带有拦截器的 RestClient
@Bean
public RestClient restClientWithInterceptor() {
    return RestClient.builder()
            .baseUrl("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
            .requestFactory(new JdkClientHttpRequestFactory())
            // 添加自定义拦截器
            .interceptors(new LoggingInterceptor())
            .build();
}

/**
 * 演示高级错误处理
 */
public User getUserWithErrorHandling(Long id) {
    try {
        return restClient.get().uri("/users/{id}", id).retrieve()
                // 处理 4xx 客户端错误
                .onStatus(HttpStatus::is4xxClientError, (request, response) -> {
                    String errorBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(response.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                    throw new RuntimeException("Client error: " + response.getStatusCode() + ", Body: " + errorBody);
                })
                // 处理 5xx 服务器错误
                .onStatus(HttpStatus::is5xxServerError, (request, response) -> {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Server error: " + response.getStatusCode());
                }).body(User.class);
    } catch (RestClientException e) {
        // 捕获并处理 RestClient 异常
        System.err.println("Error fetching user: " + e.getMessage());
        // 可以根据需要返回默认值或重新抛出
        return new User();
    }
}

// 配置带有超时设置的 RestClient
@Bean
public RestClient restClientWithTimeout() {
    // 创建 HTTP 客户端工厂并设置超时
    JdkClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new JdkClientHttpRequestFactory();
    // 设置连接超时
    requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5));
    // 设置读取超时
    requestFactory.setReadTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
    return RestClient.builder()
            .baseUrl("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com")
            .requestFactory(requestFactory)
            .build();
}

package com.example.restclient.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Task {
    private Long id;
    private String title;
    private String description;
    private boolean completed;
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;
    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
}

package com.example.restclient.service;

import com.example.restclient.model.Task;
import java.util.List;

public interface TaskService {
    List<Task> getAllTasks();
    Task getTaskById(Long id);
    Task createTask(Task task);
    Task updateTask(Long id, Task task);
    void deleteTask(Long id);
    List<Task> getTasksByStatus(boolean completed);
}

package com.example.restclient.service;

import com.example.restclient.model.Task;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient;
import java.util.List;

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class TaskServiceImpl implements TaskService {
    private final RestClient restClient;
    // 任务 API 的基础路径
    private static final String TASKS_BASE_URL = "/tasks";

    @Override
    public List<Task> getAllTasks() {
        return restClient.get().uri(TASKS_BASE_URL).retrieve().body(Task[].class);
    }

    @Override
    public Task getTaskById(Long id) {
        return restClient.get().uri(TASKS_BASE_URL + "/{id}", id).retrieve()
                .onStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, (request, response) -> {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Task not found with id: " + id);
                }).body(Task.class);
    }

    @Override
    public Task createTask(Task task) {
        // 设置创建时间
        task.setCreatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
        task.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
        return restClient.post().uri(TASKS_BASE_URL).body(task).retrieve()
                .onStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED, (request, response) -> {
                    System.out.println("Task created successfully");
                }).body(Task.class);
    }

    @Override
    public Task updateTask(Long id, Task task) {
        // 设置更新时间
        task.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());
        return restClient.put().uri(TASKS_BASE_URL + "/{id}", id).body(task).retrieve().body(Task.class);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteTask(Long id) {
        restClient.delete().uri(TASKS_BASE_URL + "/{id}", id).retrieve().toBodilessEntity();
    }

    @Override
    public List<Task> getTasksByStatus(boolean completed) {
        return restClient.get().uri(uriBuilder -> uriBuilder
                .path(TASKS_BASE_URL)
                .queryParam("completed", completed)
                .build()).retrieve().body(Task[].class);
    }
}

package com.example.restclient.controller;

import com.example.restclient.model.Task;
import com.example.restclient.service.TaskService;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/tasks")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class TaskController {
    private final TaskService taskService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<Task> getAllTasks() {
        return taskService.getAllTasks();
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Task> getTaskById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        try {
            Task task = taskService.getTaskById(id);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(task);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();
        }
    }

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Task> createTask(@RequestBody Task task) {
        Task createdTask = taskService.createTask(task);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(createdTask, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Task> updateTask(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody Task task) {
        Task updatedTask = taskService.updateTask(id, task);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(updatedTask);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteTask(@PathVariable Long id) {
        taskService.deleteTask(id);
        return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
    }

    @GetMapping("/filter")
    public List<Task> getTasksByStatus(@RequestParam boolean completed) {
        return taskService.getTasksByStatus(completed);
    }
}

package com.example.restclient.service;

import com.example.restclient.model.Task;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

@SpringBootTest
class TaskServiceImplTest {
    @Autowired
    private TaskService taskService;
    // 注入带有拦截器的 RestClient 用于测试
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("restClientWithInterceptor")
    private RestClient restClient;

    @Test
    void shouldPerformCrudOperations() {
        // 创建任务
        Task task = new Task(null, "Test Task", "Test Description", false, null, null);
        Task createdTask = taskService.createTask(task);
        assertNotNull(createdTask);
        assertNotNull(createdTask.getId());
        assertEquals(task.getTitle(), createdTask.getTitle());
        assertNotNull(createdTask.getCreatedAt());

        // 获取任务
        Long taskId = createdTask.getId();
        Task fetchedTask = taskService.getTaskById(taskId);
        assertNotNull(fetchedTask);
        assertEquals(taskId, fetchedTask.getId());

        // 更新任务
        fetchedTask.setCompleted(true);
        fetchedTask.setTitle("Updated Task Title");
        Task updatedTask = taskService.updateTask(taskId, fetchedTask);
        assertNotNull(updatedTask);
        assertTrue(updatedTask.isCompleted());
        assertEquals("Updated Task Title", updatedTask.getTitle());
        assertTrue(updatedTask.getUpdatedAt().isAfter(createdTask.getCreatedAt()));

        // 按状态筛选任务
        List<Task> completedTasks = taskService.getTasksByStatus(true);
        assertFalse(completedTasks.isEmpty());

        // 删除任务
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> taskService.deleteTask(taskId));

        // 验证任务已删除
        assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> taskService.getTaskById(taskId));
    }
}

@Bean
public RestClient restClientWithPool() {
    // 配置 HTTP 客户端连接池
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
            .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
            .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(10, 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
            .build();
    JdkClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new JdkClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
    return RestClient.builder()
            .baseUrl("https://api.example.com")
            .requestFactory(requestFactory)
            .build();
}

@Bean
public RestClient restClientWithCompression() {
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
            .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
            .build();
    JdkClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new JdkClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
    return RestClient.builder()
            .baseUrl("https://api.example.com")
            .requestFactory(requestFactory)
            .defaultHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate")
            .build();
}

@Bean
public AsyncRestClient asyncRestClient() {
    return AsyncRestClient.builder()
            .baseUrl("https://api.example.com")
            .build();
}

// 使用示例
public CompletableFuture<User> getUserAsync(Long id) {
    return asyncRestClient.get().uri("/users/{id}", id).retrieve().bodyToMono(User.class).toFuture();
}

private final Cache<String, User> userCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
        .expireAfterWrite(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES)
        .maximumSize(100)
        .build();

public User getCachedUser(Long id) {
    try {
        return userCache.get(id.toString(), () -> {
            // 缓存未命中时，从 API 获取
            return restClient.get().uri("/users/{id}", id).retrieve().body(User.class);
        });
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Error fetching user", e.getCause());
    }
}

# API 基础 URL
api.base-url=https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com
# 连接超时（毫秒）
api.connection-timeout=5000
# 读取超时（毫秒）
api.read-timeout=10000
# 连接池大小
api.connection-pool-size=10

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "api")
@Data
public class ApiProperties {
    private String baseUrl;
    private int connectionTimeout;
    private int readTimeout;
    private int connectionPoolSize;
}

@Configuration
public class ConfiguredRestClientConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestClient configuredRestClient(ApiProperties apiProperties) {
        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClient.newBuilder()
                .connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(apiProperties.getConnectionTimeout()))
                .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(
                        apiProperties.getConnectionPoolSize(),
                        30,
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS
                ))
                .build();
        JdkClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new JdkClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
        requestFactory.setReadTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(apiProperties.getReadTimeout()));
        return RestClient.builder()
                .baseUrl(apiProperties.getBaseUrl())
                .requestFactory(requestFactory)
                .interceptors(new LoggingInterceptor())
                .build();
    }
}

Spring Boot 3 RestClient 完整教程

Spring Boot 3 RestClient 完整教程

1. RestClient 简介与环境准备

1.1 RestClient 简介

1.2 环境准备

1.2.1 开发环境

1.2.2 创建项目与依赖配置

1.2.3 RestClient 配置

1.2.4 启动类

2. RestClient 基础使用

2.1 数据模型定义

2.2 基本 HTTP 方法使用

2.3 测试 RestClient 基础功能

3. RestClient 高级特性

3.1 请求参数与 headers 设置

3.2 拦截器使用

3.3 错误处理

3.4 超时设置

4. 实战案例：RESTful API 客户端实现

4.1 案例说明

4.2 数据模型

4.3 服务接口

4.4 服务实现

4.5 控制器层

4.6 测试用例

5. 最佳实践与性能优化

5.1 最佳实践

5.2 性能优化

5.3 配置外部化

总结

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Spring Boot 3 RestClient 完整教程

Spring Boot 3 RestClient 完整教程

1. RestClient 简介与环境准备

1.1 RestClient 简介

1.2 环境准备

1.2.1 开发环境

1.2.2 创建项目与依赖配置

1.2.3 RestClient 配置

1.2.4 启动类

2. RestClient 基础使用

2.1 数据模型定义

2.2 基本 HTTP 方法使用

2.3 测试 RestClient 基础功能

3. RestClient 高级特性

3.1 请求参数与 headers 设置

3.2 拦截器使用

3.3 错误处理

3.4 超时设置

4. 实战案例：RESTful API 客户端实现

4.1 案例说明

4.2 数据模型

4.3 服务接口

4.4 服务实现

4.5 控制器层

4.6 测试用例

5. 最佳实践与性能优化

5.1 最佳实践

5.2 性能优化

5.3 配置外部化

总结

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