树莓派 CM0 Python BLE 设备通信指南

树莓派 CM0 Python BLE 设备通信指南介绍了如何在树莓派 CM0 上配置蓝牙环境并使用 Python 进行 BLE 通信。内容涵盖确认硬件无线版本、启用蓝牙电源、解除射频锁定及安装 bleak 库。教程演示了扫描附近 BLE 设备、通过 MAC 地址或名称连接、查看服务与特征列表，并实现了特征值的主动读取、订阅通知及数据写入操作，为嵌入式蓝牙开发提供完整流程参考。

苹果系统发布于 2026/3/16更新于 2026/4/184 浏览

前言

树莓派 CM0 有带无线功能与不带无线功能两个版本，具体可以参考如下型号说明：

型号	前缀	无线	RAM LPDDR2	eMMC 存储
CM0000000	CM0	0 = No	00 = 512MB	000 = 0GB (Lite)
CM0000008	CM0

root@rpi-cm0:~# bluetoothctl hci0 new_settings: bondable ssp br/edr le secure-conn Agent registered [CHG] Controller AA:CC:DD:11:22:33 Pairable: yes [bluetoothctl]>

[bluetoothctl]> power on [CHG] Controller AA:CC:DD:11:22:33 PowerState: off-enabling hci0 class of device changed: 0x400000 [CHG] Controller AA:CC:DD:11:22:33 Class: 0x00400000 (4194304) hci0 new_settings: powered bondable ssp br/edr le secure-conn Changing power on succeeded [CHG] Controller AA:CC:DD:11:22:33 PowerState: on [CHG] Controller AA:CC:DD:11:22:33 Powered: yes [bluetoothctl]>

[bluetoothctl]> exit root@rpi-cm0:~#

root@rpi-cm0:~# rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes # 若为 yes, 表示被软锁定 Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

root@rpi-cm0:~# rfkill unblock bluetooth

root@rpi-cm0:~# rfkill list 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no # 若为 no, 表示已解锁 Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no

root@rpi-cm0:~# apt update root@rpi-cm0:~# apt install python3-bleak

import asyncio
from bleak import BleakScanner

async def main():
    print("正在扫描附近的 BLE 设备 (持续 5 秒)...")
    found_devices = await BleakScanner.discover(timeout=5.0, return_adv=True)
    print(f"{'MAC 地址':<20} {'设备名称':<20} {'RSSI'}")
    print("-" * 50)
    for device, advertisement_data in found_devices.values():
        # 获取设备名称
        name = device.name if device.name else "Unknown"
        # 获取 RSSI
        rssi = advertisement_data.rssi
        print(f"{device.address:<20} {name:<20} {rssi} dBm")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

import asyncio
from bleak import BleakScanner, BleakClient

# 目标设备的 MAC 地址
TARGET_ADDRESS = "AA:CC:22:66:55:88"

async def main():
    print("开始扫描设备...")
    device = await BleakScanner.find_device_by_filter(
        lambda d, ad: d.address and d.address == TARGET_ADDRESS
    )
    if not device:
        print(f"未找到 MAC 地址为 {TARGET_ADDRESS} 的设备")
        return
    print(f"找到设备：{device.address}, 正在连接...")
    async with BleakClient(device) as client:
        print(f"已连接：{client.is_connected}")
        print("\n--- 服务发现开始 ---")
        for service in client.services:
            print(f"[服务] UUID: {service.uuid}")
            for char in service.characteristics:
                print(f" └── [特征] UUID: {char.uuid}")
                print(f" 属性：{char.properties}")
        print("--- 服务发现结束 ---\n")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

import asyncio
from bleak import BleakScanner, BleakClient

# 目标设备的名称
TARGET_NAME = "LYWSD03MMC"

async def main():
    print("开始扫描设备...")
    device = await BleakScanner.find_device_by_filter(
        lambda d, ad: d.name and d.name == TARGET_NAME
    )
    if not device:
        print(f"未找到名为 {TARGET_NAME} 的设备")
        return
    print(f"找到设备：{device.address}, 正在连接...")
    async with BleakClient(device) as client:
        print(f"已连接：{client.is_connected}")
        print("\n--- 服务发现开始 ---")
        for service in client.services:
            print(f"[服务] UUID: {service.uuid}")
            for char in service.characteristics:
                print(f" └── [特征] UUID: {char.uuid}")
                print(f" 属性：{char.properties}")
        print("--- 服务发现结束 ---\n")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

import asyncio
import struct
from bleak import BleakClient

# ================= 配置区域 =================
# 1. 设备 MAC 地址
DEVICE_ADDRESS = "AA:CC:22:66:55:88"
# 2. 待读取的数据特征 UUID
SENSOR_CHAR_UUID = "8edfffef-3d1b-9c37-4623-ad7265f14076"
# ===========================================

# 处理实时通知的回调函数
def notification_handler(sender, data: bytearray):
    """
    当传感器主动推送数据时，会触发这个函数
    sender: 发送者句柄
    data: 接收到的原始字节数据
    """
    print(f"[通知] 收到数据 (Hex): {data.hex()}")

async def main():
    print(f"正在连接设备 {DEVICE_ADDRESS} ...")
    try:
        async with BleakClient(DEVICE_ADDRESS) as client:
            if client.is_connected:
                print(f"成功连接到：{DEVICE_ADDRESS}")
                # --- 方式 A: 主动读取一次 (Read) ---
                try:
                    print("正在尝试主动读取...")
                    val = await client.read_gatt_char(SENSOR_CHAR_UUID)
                    print(f"[读取] 原始数据：{val.hex()}")
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"[读取] 失败 (可能该特征不支持读取): {e}")
                # --- 方式 B: 开启实时通知 (Notify) ---
                print("正在开启实时通知 (监听 10 秒)...")
                # 开启通知，绑定回调函数
                await client.start_notify(SENSOR_CHAR_UUID, notification_handler)
                # 让程序保持运行 10 秒，给传感器发送数据的时间
                await asyncio.sleep(10)
                # 关闭通知
                await client.stop_notify(SENSOR_CHAR_UUID)
                print("通知已关闭")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"连接或操作发生错误：{e}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

import asyncio
from bleak import BleakScanner, BleakClient

# ================= 配置区域 =================
# 1. 设备 MAC 地址
TARGET_ADDRESS = "AA:CC:22:66:55:88"
# 2. 待写入的数据特征 UUID
CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = "0000fff2-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
# ===========================================

async def main():
    print("开始扫描设备...")
    device = await BleakScanner.find_device_by_filter(
        lambda d, ad: d.address and d.address == TARGET_ADDRESS
    )
    if not device:
        print(f"未找到 MAC 地址为 {TARGET_ADDRESS} 的设备")
        return
    print(f"找到设备：{device.address}, 正在连接...")
    async with BleakClient(device) as client:
        print(f"已连接：{client.is_connected}")
        # 尝试写入数据
        try:
            data_to_send = bytes("Hello Raspberry Pi CM0!", 'utf-8')
            print(f"尝试写入 UUID: {CHARACTERISTIC_UUID}")
            await client.write_gatt_char(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID, data_to_send)
            print("写入成功！")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"写入失败：{e}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

树莓派 CM0 Python BLE 设备通信指南

前言

需要知道的基础知识

环境准备与配置

启用蓝牙电源

检查并解除蓝牙射频锁定

安装 Python BLE 相关库

BLE 设备发现与连接

扫描周围 BLE 设备

列出指定 BLE 设备服务与特征列表

数据读写操作

读取指定 BLE 设备指定特征数据

写入指定 BLE 设备指定特征数据

更多推荐文章

相关免费在线工具

树莓派 CM0 Python BLE 设备通信指南

前言

需要知道的基础知识

环境准备与配置

启用蓝牙电源

检查并解除蓝牙射频锁定

安装 Python BLE 相关库

BLE 设备发现与连接

扫描周围 BLE 设备

列出指定 BLE 设备服务与特征列表

数据读写操作

读取指定 BLE 设备指定特征数据

写入指定 BLE 设备指定特征数据

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